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  <div class="section" id="using-python-on-unix-platforms">
<span id="using-on-unix"></span><h1>2. 在Unix平台中使用Python<a class="headerlink" href="#using-python-on-unix-platforms" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h1>
<div class="section" id="getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python">
<h2>2.1. 获取最新版本的Python<a class="headerlink" href="#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<div class="section" id="on-linux">
<h3>2.1.1. Linux环境下<a class="headerlink" href="#on-linux" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>Python预装在大多数Linux发行版上，并作为一个包提供给所有其他用户。 但是，您可能想要使用的某些功能在发行版提供的软件包中不可用。这时您可以从源代码轻松编译最新版本的Python。</p>
<p>如果Python没有预先安装并且不在发行版提供的库中，您可以轻松地为自己使用的发行版创建包。 参阅以下链接：</p>
<div class="admonition seealso">
<p class="first admonition-title">参见</p>
<dl class="last docutils">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html">https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/maint-guide/first.en.html</a></dt>
<dd>对于Debian用户</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging">https://en.opensuse.org/Portal:Packaging</a></dt>
<dd>对于OpenSuse用户</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html">https://docs-old.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora_Draft_Documentation/0.1/html/RPM_Guide/ch-creating-rpms.html</a></dt>
<dd>对于Fedora用户</dd>
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html">http://www.slackbook.org/html/package-management-making-packages.html</a></dt>
<dd>对于Slackware用户</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="on-freebsd-and-openbsd">
<h3>2.1.2. 在FreeBSD和OpenBSD上<a class="headerlink" href="#on-freebsd-and-openbsd" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><p class="first">FreeBSD用户，添加包使用:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg install python3
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
<li><p class="first">OpenBSD用户，添加包使用:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg_add -r python

pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/&lt;insert your architecture here&gt;/python-&lt;version&gt;.tgz
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>举例i386用户获取Python 2.5.1版本可使用:</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>pkg_add ftp://ftp.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/4.2/packages/i386/python-2.5.1p2.tgz
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="section" id="on-opensolaris">
<h3>2.1.3. On OpenSolaris<a class="headerlink" href="#on-opensolaris" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h3>
<p>You can get Python from <a class="reference external" href="https://www.opencsw.org/">OpenCSW</a>.  Various versions
of Python are available and can be installed with e.g. <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkgutil</span> <span class="pre">-i</span> <span class="pre">python27</span></code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="building-python">
<span id="building-python-on-unix"></span><h2>2.2. Building Python<a class="headerlink" href="#building-python" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>If you want to compile CPython yourself, first thing you should do is get the
<a class="reference external" href="https://www.python.org/downloads/source/">source</a>. You can download either the
latest release's source or just grab a fresh <a class="reference external" href="https://devguide.python.org/setup/#getting-the-source-code">clone</a>.  (If you want
to contribute patches, you will need a clone.)</p>
<p>The build process consists in the usual</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>./configure
make
make install
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>invocations. Configuration options and caveats for specific Unix platforms are
extensively documented in the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/3.7/README.rst">README.rst</a> file in the root of the Python
source tree.</p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="first admonition-title">警告</p>
<p class="last"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code> can overwrite or masquerade the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">python3</span></code> binary.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">altinstall</span></code> is therefore recommended instead of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">make</span> <span class="pre">install</span></code>
since it only installs <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/bin/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="python-related-paths-and-files">
<h2>2.3. Python-related paths and files<a class="headerlink" href="#python-related-paths-and-files" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>These are subject to difference depending on local installation conventions;
<span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prefix</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${prefix}</span></code>) and <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></code> (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">${exec_prefix}</span></code>)
are installation-dependent and should be interpreted as for GNU software; they
may be the same.</p>
<p>For example, on most Linux systems, the default for both is <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr</span></code>.</p>
<table border="1" class="docutils">
<colgroup>
<col width="53%" />
<col width="47%" />
</colgroup>
<thead valign="bottom">
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">File/directory</th>
<th class="head">意义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody valign="top">
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/bin/python3</span></code></td>
<td>Recommended location of the interpreter.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>,
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/lib/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code></td>
<td>Recommended locations of the directories
containing the standard modules.</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/include/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code>,
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">exec_prefix</span></em><span class="pre">/include/python</span><em><span class="pre">version</span></em></code></td>
<td>Recommended locations of the directories
containing the include files needed for
developing Python extensions and
embedding the interpreter.</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div class="section" id="miscellaneous">
<h2>2.4. Miscellaneous<a class="headerlink" href="#miscellaneous" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>To easily use Python scripts on Unix, you need to make them executable,
e.g. with</p>
<div class="highlight-shell-session notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">$</span> chmod +x script
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>and put an appropriate Shebang line at the top of the script.  A good choice is
usually</p>
<div class="highlight-sh notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="ch">#!/usr/bin/env python3</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>which searches for the Python interpreter in the whole <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code>.  However,
some Unices may not have the <strong class="program">env</strong> command, so you may need to hardcode
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/usr/bin/python3</span></code> as the interpreter path.</p>
<p>To use shell commands in your Python scripts, look at the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/subprocess.html#module-subprocess" title="subprocess: Subprocess management."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code></a> module.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="editors-and-ides">
<h2>2.5. 编辑器和集成开发环境<a class="headerlink" href="#editors-and-ides" title="永久链接至标题">¶</a></h2>
<p>有很多支持Python编程语言的集成开发环境。大多数编辑器和集成开发环境支持语法高亮，调试工具和PEP8语法检查。</p>
<p>Please go to <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonEditors">Python Editors</a> and
<a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.python.org/moin/IntegratedDevelopmentEnvironments">Integrated Development Environments</a>
for a comprehensive list.</p>
</div>
</div>


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  <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
  <ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">2. 在Unix平台中使用Python</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#getting-and-installing-the-latest-version-of-python">2.1. 获取最新版本的Python</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-linux">2.1.1. Linux环境下</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-freebsd-and-openbsd">2.1.2. 在FreeBSD和OpenBSD上</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#on-opensolaris">2.1.3. On OpenSolaris</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#building-python">2.2. Building Python</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#python-related-paths-and-files">2.3. Python-related paths and files</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#miscellaneous">2.4. Miscellaneous</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#editors-and-ides">2.5. 编辑器和集成开发环境</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>

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